The Council of Constance, which took place a few years after the Battle of Grunwald, was a great event in Europe at that time. Poland, through the mouth of the chancellor of the Cracow Academy – Paweł Włodkowic, presented its own position and gained a partial understanding of its arguments in the conflict with the Teutonic Knights. Unfortunately, the triumph was only prestigious, the new pope annulled the bulls favorable to the crown and approved all the awards the order had received so far. At that time, a rebellion was growing in Prussia. The Teutonic Knights were excellent organizers, they developed modern rural settlement and built as many as 93 cities. They cared for the development of trade, but their subjects opposed both ruthless treatment and financial oppression. The clandestine opposition began to operate under the name of the “Lizard Union”, and with time it turned into the Prussian Union; the cities of Gdansk, Torun, and Chelmno as well as the middle nobility played the main role in it.
The union’s activities led to the outbreak of war, which changed the fate of the Teutonic State. The igniting spark was the anti-Teutonic uprising that broke out in 1454 in Prussia. The Prussian union turned to Kazimierz Jagiellończyk with a request to join Prussia to the Crown. A month later, the king of Poland made the act of incorporation; of course, it meant war. It lasted 13 years, and despite initial failures, it was won by the Poles. The victory of the Polish Crown was determined, among others, by help from wealthy Prussian cities, which partially financed the army and navy. The troops perfectly organized by the townspeople quickly got rid of the hated Teutonic crews from the cities and strongholds. It also happened in Torun. Pursuant to the peace signed in Torun, the king took back the lands that had been stolen from Poland, especially Pomerania, and left the rest to the Teutonic Knights, but only as a fief.